Hispanic and Latino Heritage Books for Kids and Teens

William Mckinley And The Civil War - 1270 Words

William McKinley was born on January 29, 1843 in Niles, Ohio. As being born and raised in the United States, he met two of the qualifications to run for President. Although education is not a requirement to run for president, McKinley went to school that was run by a Methodist seminary in his hometown of Ohio. After McKinley completed that, he went to Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania in 1860. William attended Allegheny for only one term because of his financial problems. When the civil war began, William McKinley proved himself to be a good soldier; he rose up the ranks from a private to a brevet major quickly. McKinley’s had military experience, which some Americans considered a crucial informal qualification to be†¦show more content†¦Question 2: Assuming Power During the 1896 Republican Presidential nominating convention in St. Louis McKinley outshone all of the other contenders. McKinley collected 661 votes, as compared to his rival, who had acquired only 84 votes. William McKinley used techniques of previous candidates who campaigned for President from their homes; he delivered 350 personal and well-crafted speeches from his front porch to almost 750,000 visiting delegates. These speeches allowed McKinley to let the people hear where he stood on many political topics, which helped him gain votes. The democratic rival, William Jennings Bryan, lost by about 600,000 votes, one of the greatest electoral sweeps. After four years in office, McKinley was nominated again in 1900 as the republican candidate. McKinley accumulated 7,218,491 votes, compared to his rival who had gained 6,356,734 votes. McKinley used the same tactics from his previous election that allowed him to easily win the election again, and serve for another term as the President of the United States. Question 3: Hats President William McKinley wore many â€Å"hats† throughout his presidency; they included Chief Executive, Chief Diplomat, Economic Chief, Chief Legislator, and Commander in Chief. McKinley had to deal with both domestic and foreign affairs during his presidency. Some domestic issues that rose during his term were race relations; labor relations, and

International Financial Integration. Is it worth it Free Essays

string(104) " many countries in the past have used capital controls to limit the harmful effects \(Grumman, 2008, p\." We are witnessing the transformation of meld-20th century managerial capitalism Into global financial capitalism†. This Is what Martin Wolf expressed In an article written for the Financial Times In June 18, 2007. Even after the global economic crawls that followed the next years and from which the world Is still recovering, this statement Is of great relevance. We will write a custom essay sample on International Financial Integration. Is it worth it or any similar topic only for you Order Now Actually, this crawls Is a good example of how Integrated the world’s financial markets have become: a financial crisis that started In some developed countries practically spread throughout the whole world. As Wolf himself hinted in his book Fixing Global Finance, it is obvious why financial crises bounce back from one country to another (2008, p. 25). First, markets are connected globally, both for commodities and financial instruments; second, an unexpected weakness in one country is seen by investors as a weakness for apparently similar countries; third, when governments fail to respond to financial crises as expected, trust in their willingness to act elsewhere will be lost; fourth, a high perception of risk in one market may spread to others; and fifth, the rationing of reedit to risk borrowers can turn a slight instability into a crisis (Wolf, 2008, p. 5). Likewise, Jeffrey Freddie adds that current regulations and technology allow money to travel around borders almost instantly, giving rise to short-term international transactions (Freddie, 1991, p. 428). With such vulnerabilities, to what extent is international financial integration (capital mobility) worth it? To answer this question, this paper will try to explain how and why capital mobility alters economic policymaking by governments as well as the tradeoffs such polic ies entail. By doing so, it will show the extent to which capital mobility takes policy autonomy away from governments and Indicates how It can affect certain countries more than others. To do so, first the concept of the open economy trillium will be illustrated. Followed policymaking and its interaction with exchange-rate stability and macro-economic independence and the influence this has in different countries. The Unholy Trinity Also known as the open economy trillium or the Mendel-Fleming Model in reminiscence to the economists that first set forth the concept, it indicates that overspent must choose between two of three goals: capital mobility (CM), exchange-rate stability, or monetary independence (Freddie, 2008, p. 347). Giving up CM implies placing capital controls that ultimately close world markets to a country. This is what the Latin American nations practiced from the sass’s until the sass’s with their import-substitution industrialization (IS’) policy (Freddie, 2007, p. 10-312). On the contrary, in a financially integrated world as today, the trade-off is between exchanger stability and domestic monetary policy autonomy. If the latter is referred, the exchanger will have to be allowed to fluctuate. For example, if a government wants to encourage investment and increase consumption, policymakers will pursue low interest rates. Hence, many investors will want t o move their investments to another country that offers higher interest rates. When the capital leaves the country, demand for the local currency will 2 decrease and it will end up depreciating; there is no exchange-rate stability (Walter, 2013, p. 22). Conversely, if policymakers prefer exchange-rate stability, they need to subject monetary policy solely to this goal. To neutralize depreciation or appreciation, interest rates still have to be lowered or increased, but they cannot be used for domestic objectives such as encouraging investment or promoting a rise in consumption (Walter, 2013, p. 22). With this model in mind, I now pass to explain how and why CM alters autonomous economic policymaking by governments, first by indicating its influence and then by explaining its interaction with the other two goals of the economy trillium. Influence of CM in national economic policymaking worth asking: what are the benefits of CM that make it incontestable in today’s world? Benefits of CM For one part, CM allows countries to borrow from the rest of the world in order to improve their ability to produce goods and services (Newly, 1999, p. 1 5). In doing so, goods and services from other parts of the world compete in local markets. This creates a more competitive environment, driving down profits and forcing companies to seek finance from outside (Wolf, 2008, p. 22). Due to the increased competitiveness, a global financial system can benefit the quality of domestic regulation: there will be pressure for better accounting 3 standards and an improved legal and financial system (Wolf, 2008, p. 3). In this sense, it will encourage companies to lobby for a more efficient, flexible and accessible financial system (Wolf, 2008, p. 3). Linked to competition, such financial systems can encourage governments to re- think’ their policies (avoid requesting too much taxes or allowing too much inflation, for example) and prevent capital outflows (Wolf, 2008, p. 23). Also, CM allows risk diversification and technology transfer (Wolf, 2008, p. 23). Furthermore, in many developing countries the economy is not big enough for its citizen ’s savings to finance world-level institutions. This is an important argument for allowing the presence of foreign banks (Wolf, 2008, p. 23). For example, between 1960 and 1980 South Korea annually requested funds from international sources equivalent to 4. 3% of its GAP to finance its strong economic growth (Newly, 1999, p. In addition, capital flows allow countries to avoid large drawbacks in consumption from economic crises by selling assets to and/or borrowing from outside sources (Newly, 1999, p. 1 5). It was precisely through foreign lending that Mexico and Argentina were able to overcome their 1995 crisis (Grumman, 2008 p. 51). All in all, capital flows can be beneficial for a nation. However, this type of global integration is likely to generate crisis if pursued with a low level of economic development (Wolf, 2008, p. 24). Citizens in developed countries may have enough savings within the national financial system to allow their governments to leverage enough investment and growth. However, developing countries will most likely depend on capital inflows for this and even more urgently when an economic imbalance occurs. Hence, many countries in the past have used capital controls to limit the harmful effects (Grumman, 2008, p. You read "International Financial Integration. Is it worth it" in category "Papers" 107). Pinpointing on this last issue, what leads a country to prefer a fixed exchange-rate and monetary autonomy over CM? In short, the control of capital flows helps a country have economic stability (Newly, 1999, p. 21). As investors have limited information about the true value of the assets they hold in the country, they tend to infer from the actions of others, creating a herding behavior, where asset price variations cause further changes in the same direction, leading to a boom-bust cycle and macro-economic instability, hence Justifying capital controls (Wolf, 2008, p. 25). There are different ways this is sought by today’s governments. Control of CM First, capital controls may be used to discourage capital outflows in the event of a crisis, allowing the central bank (CB) to have invulnerability with domestic monetary policy. This is how Malaysia responded to its 1998 crisis (Newly, 1999, p. 19). -. Second, economic stability can be achieved by preventing destabilize outflows in the first place, in other words, changing the composition of capital inflows (Newly, 1999, p. 21). Through capital inflow controls, the government helps prevent future and sudden outflows by investors. This is what Chile practiced in the sass’s. By scrounging capital inflows, Chile was able to limit the number of volatile capital that could have left the country on short notice (Newly, 1999, p. 21). 5 Likewise, at present the International Monetary Fund (MIFF) is recommending capital flow management measures after exhausting interest-rate adjustment and if implemented alongside foreign exchange-rate reserves accumulation and macro- prudential financial regulation (Gallagher, 2012). As mentioned above, the aim of CM controls is macro-economic stability. I will now further explain the reasons why CM causes economic instability in the first place. There are two reasons: either they are the result of irresponsible behavior in the markets or of bad policies by local authorities (Change, 1999, p. 7). The former reason has to do with human attitudes: while in economic boom, there is excess of greed; in recession, there is excess of fear (Wolf, 2008, p. 21). This leads, as explained above, to the panic and herding effect. Market that make it inherently risky – adverse selection, moral hazards, and asymmetric information (Wolf, 2008, 19). The unfortunate intervention of a government (wrong or bad fiscal and/or monetary policies) often makes them even sees safe, as is the case of poor fiscal discipline added to a lack of monetary discipline (Wolf, 2008, 22). Likewise, mistakes in exchange-rate policy can greatly affect the financial market as will be described in the next section. Both of these reasons affect the other two goals of the unholy trinity: exchange-rate stability and monetary independence. We will be able to see this by explaining the interactions of CM with these two other goals. Interaction of CM with exchange-rate stability and macro-economic independence 6 To provide a sense of how CM interacts with exchange-rate and macro-economic lollygagging, different scenarios are analyzed: fixed vs. fluctuated exchange-rate and the efficacy of monetary and fiscal policies. First, the efficacy of fiscal policy in a country with a fixed exchange-rate and CM will be considered. Supposing that a government seeks to stimulate national income, it will pursue an increase in aggregate demand by increasing government spending and/or reducing taxes. Consequently, interest rates will go up and an inflow of capital from abroad will arrive. This capital inflow would lead to an excess supply of foreign currency. Therefore, as the exchange rate is pegged, the country CB would have to ay that excess supply with national currency, thus stimulating the national income even more. Although this might seem ideal, the ultimate consequence is a detriment of the country international competitiveness: exports would become more expensive to the world and imports cheaper for the locals (Greece, 2003, p. 87). Accordingly, international investors would lose confidence in the government’s capacity to sustain a current account deficit brought by the capital inflow, as well as probable price inflation due to the fiscal expansion , and move their money somewhere else (Greece, 2003, p. 7). Now with a capital outflow, the CB would seek to raise interest rates, which leads to a decrease in investment and consumption, thus reducing aggregate demand and counteracting the national income stimuli (Greece, 2003, p. 87). From a monetary policy perspective, the prospect is not positive either. If the economy wants to be stimulated, the CB would have to reduce interest rates which currency would exceed its demand, and in order to maintain its peg the country CB would have to buy the excess with 7 its foreign exchange reserves. The national currency reduction circulating in the economy and the consequent increase in interest rates and decrease of income and consumption would end up cutting the national income stimuli also (Greece, 2003, p. Now, considering a flexible exchange-rate and, again, supposing a fiscal policy intended to boost national income and hence a rise in interest rates, the country would expect capital inflows. Therefore, there is an increase in demand for the national currency, which would appreciate in value, causing imports to be less expensive in the local market and exports more expensive abroad. Accordingly, the country would lose in international competitiveness and the probable reduction of sports (because they are now more expensive for the world) would decrease national income (Greece, 2003, p. 88). On the other hand, regarding monetary policy with a flexible exchange-rate, some political scientists consider that it has strengthened as the world has become more integrated (Greece, 2003, p. 89). When a government’s goal is an increase in national income, the natural response is to lower interest rates. This would provoke a capital outflow from the country, which in turn brings depreciation of its currency and hence a competitive edge in the international market. This effect would increase aggregate emend and national income even more (Greece, 2003, p. 89). However, policy preferences of economic interest groups differ within a country (Freddie, 1991 , p. 432 and Walter, 2008, p. 406). Therefore, those who depend on imports, for example, will prefer a stronger local currency (Freddie, 1991, p. 45). This is, for example, Thailand experience with its 1997 economic crisis (Walter, 2008, p. 422). Thailand economy was, and still is, export-oriented. However, in 1997 the majority of its exporters produced industrial goods that needed imported inputs. Therefore, the depreciation ad no real competitive effect (Walter, 2008, p. 422). 8 Developing countries and CM As economic an d financial markets in developed countries provide more stability to investors, as seen with the above interactions developing countries are more externalities on recipient countries (Gallagher, 2012). In this sense, regulating CM is an optimal tool to address market failures and enhance growth, not worsen it (Gallagher, 2012). Conclusion International financial integration alters national economic policymaking. This can be understood by first looking at the Mendel-Fleming Model and the influence and interaction of CM with exchange-rate stability and macro-economic independence. In today’s world, CM has priority over the two other goals. However, there are certain traits that can lead a country into an imbalance or even a deep crisis, especially for developing countries. Hence, the level of openness to CM must be studied against the economic development of the country and its financial health. Countries are the custodians of national economic stability and well-being. How to cite International Financial Integration. Is it worth it, Papers

Boyz Ii Men free essay sample

I went to the Boyz II Men concert in Worcester, Massachusetts. The two opening acts were Brandy and Babyface. One word to describe them, fantastic!!! For fifteen-year-old Brandy, she had it all. A nice voice and a great performance. Babyface followed and he was amazing. A great artist with extraordinary talent. At one point, Babyface picked a girl from the audience and started singing to her. He also gave her $500 dollars and he said that each of the hundred dollar bills was for a time she was broken-hearted. Before Boyz II Men went on stage, my three friends and I went backstage and met them. It was amazing, just like their performance. They were very nice and friendly. They gave each of us a bag filled with memorabilia. They sang new and old songs, which was great. Another great time was when they came from under the stage, holding roses while singing Ill Make Love To You. We will write a custom essay sample on Boyz Ii Men or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They threw the roses to the audience. I thought that it was very romantic. I would definitely go see them again in concert. It was a great night and worth every penny

Service Innovation in Hospitality Industry free essay sample

By shifting focus from „Goods-Dominant Logic? to „Service-Dominant Logic? , Service Science presents a new perspective on value creation and service experience. In this new perspective, value is co-created by various roles, experienced and evaluated by customers. However, the problem is how to implement theories in a specific industry. Focusing on hotel industry, this paper aims to illustrate how service evolves with the development of technology and theory based on the case study of InfoQuest, which is an IT company mainly providing SaberKnot. InfoQuest redefines several economic roles (hotels, IT system provider, local businesses and customers) and relationships among them (from a linear model to a netlike model) where it injects Hotel Industry with new vitality. Both competitive advantages and potential problems that might arise from the service innovation are subsequently discussed. At last, a further analysis is made on the China market in order to show the possibility of that business entering into China. We will write a custom essay sample on Service Innovation in Hospitality Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I Acknowledgements Acknowledgements are given to all the people who supported me with the dissertation. First, I am deeply indebted to my supervisors Mr. Lars Haglund and Mr. Erik Sundstro for their m, stimulating suggestions and helpful cooperation in the time of writing this dissertation. I should also express my gratitude to InfoQuest where I worked during the time of writing this thesis. Special thanks should be made to Mr. Ronald U. Telson, Mr. Christer Hellholm, Ms. Lena Bryske, and other colleagues who provided a lot of useful information and valuable ideas and suggestions. Most importantly, none of this would have been possible without the love and patience of my family and my friends. For many of travelers in their vacation, visit or business trip, hotels are places they stay when out of home. As a mature industry, hotels industry now includes all types of lodging from luxurious 5-star hotels to youth hostels. Besides room services, most hotels also offer a variety of accessorial services, including but not limited to food, beverage, laundry and valet services. Additionally, the high level hotels can offer conference rooms, swimming pools, beauty salons, fitness centers and many other facilities to both business and leisure travelers. Information technology (IT) is defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA) as the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. Compared to hotel industry, Information technology came out rather recently, but has developed into one of the biggest industries with influences to most other industries. In hotel industry, the possibility to supply qualified IT services is regarded as one of the prerequisites for, at least, top level hotels. Service Science is an emerging discipline that focuses on fundamental science, models, theories and applications to drive innovation, competition, and quality of life through service(s) (Bitner, Brown, Goul and Urban, 2006). Through shifting from Goods-Dominant Logic to Service-Dominant Logic, Service Science focuses on â€Å"operant resources† rather than -1- â€Å"operand resources†, which implies all economies are service economies. It maintains that services (including goods and services) co-created by stakeholders and customers can only be experienced and evaluated by customers. . 2 Objectives and structure InfoQuest Group AB (InfoQuest) is a company specializes in the IT segment with the purpose to bring its customers and partners innovative solutions. With the help of Information Technology, the company introduces a service innovation into hotel industry, which is the gravity of the research. The service innovation redefines several economic roles (hotels, IT sys tem provider, local businesses and customers) and relationships among them (from a linear model to a netlike model). This thesis aims to examine (1) the competitive advantages and potential problems that might be brought by this service innovation and (2) the possibility to transplant such the new business model created by InfoQuest in Europe to China market, taking into account service theory. The structure of the dissertation can be described as follow: ? Service literature review ? which first provides a summary of Service Science and service innovation and then compares Goods-Dominant Logic with Service-Dominant Logic; ? Corporation description which introduces InfoQuest and its main product SaberKnot, in particular its technical principles and commercial principles; ? Service innovation in hotel industry ? Roles redefinition; ? Value co-creation; ? Competitive advantages; ? Potential problems; ? Market opportunity analysis in China ? China market introduction; ? Typical local businesses; ? Opportunities; -2- ? Difficulties and risks; ? Conclusion. 1. 3 Methodology This thesis focuses on resear ch of service innovation in hotel industry. In order to carry out an in-depth investigation, this thesis adopts case study as the research design. A company named InfoQuest and its flagship product SaberKnot show us a possible way to innovate service in hotel industry, which is the case of this thesis. I choose InfoQuest as the case is because its new netlike business model involves both the shifting from Goods-Dominant Logic to Service-Dominant Logic and service innovation in hotel industry, which can confirm and supplement existed theory. ? Data collection The research methods used in this thesis mainly include documents review, secondary analysis, participant observation, official statistics, etc. Bryman and Bell (2007) pointed out the importance of literature review, most obvious reason of which is to know what is already known in the research area. From academic literature review, we can see advantages in the shifting from Goods-Dominant Logic to Service-Dominant Logic and theories of service innovation. There are quite a lot researches related to service theory and service innovation, so my study starts from a literature review to build up a theoretical basis, which covers the fields of service definition, Service-Dominant Logic, Goods-Dominant Logic, service innovation, etc. Literature resources include academic papers, books, and web pages, which provide me with existing research achievements in this field. However, most of these literatures do not focus on service innovation in a specific industry, and no primary data can be acquired from literature review. According to Bryman and Bell (2007), â€Å"the basic case study entails the detailed and intensive analysis of single case. † From their opinion, a case can be an organization, a location, a person, or an event, etc. They also mentioned that qualitative methods, such as participant observation and unstructured interviewing, are very helpful methods in case study. The information of InfoQuest and SaberKnot is collected from several channels, including internal documents, participant observation, communication with colleagues, etc. In addition, the raw -3- materials used in China market analysis are mainly collected from official statistics. Most tables are quoted from website of National Tourism Administration of The People? s China, and website of National Bureau of Statistics of China. Other statistics and policies are referred to websites of local governments or organizations. Some information from companies? ebsites is also used to make competitor analysis. According to Vargo and Lusch (2007), â€Å"the value network member that is the prime integrator is in a stronger competitive position†. In our case, no prime â€Å"integrator† exists, but it does need a prime or core player who leads members in the network to go forward. The dominant position makes core player to own more influence in the network, which is the reason why participants contend for it. It is not a big issue if everything goes well in the network, but the threat is how to deal with the faults, if any, emerging in this loosely organized system, which will become crucial. For example, if a shop in the network being complained by customers several times, who should take the responsibility to decide whether to keep the shop any longer for its own-remedy or to kick it out immediately? In addition, other issues following the service innovation include how much power the prime player is supposed to possess, how to supervise the use of power, etc. Among the four types of participants, customers are not suitable to act as prime player in terms of leading power, although being

Rubin v Coors Brewing Co essays

Rubin v Coors Brewing Co essays CASE CITATION: Rubin v. Coors Brewing Co. (514 US 476), 1995 The rules and principals of commercial law are of ancient origin. Throughout the centuries merchants engaged in trade and commerce have recognized customs and usages which regulate and control their conduct. Gradually over the years a body of law developed... (Robert Bicentennial of our Republic, the Courts position was reversed and they declared that the First Amendment protects commercial speech. But they court did say that commercial speech should receive less protection then noncommercial speech. That brings us to the definitions of commercial and noncommercial speech. Noncommercial speech, embodied in the phrases freedom of speech and freedom of expression, is entitled to virtually full first amendment protection; hence, the speaker is granted considerable latitude in stating a position...Commercial speech is generally considered to be communications that have the sale of a product or service as their ultimate goal. Content regulation of commercial speech is allowed to prevent false, deceptive, or misleading information from being transmitted(Boedecker and Morgan, 1). Some cases that have affected the First Amendment and Commercial speech are: Valentine v. Chrestensen (1942), the U.S. Supreme Court first declared that the Constitution placed no restraints on government regulation of commercial advertising. Until this time there wasnt anything that distinguished between commercial and noncommercial communications. Then in 1975 in Bigelow v. Virginia the court said that the, the government cannot restrict advertising where the commercial activity itself is legal and further noted that the ...activity adverti...

Case study in event planning industry Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

In event planning industry - Case Study Example This one event can lead to many different risks. Specific risks are the risk of flooding, other damages to plumbing lines, possible shut down of water to nearby facilities which leads to ill proper use of the golf course and hotel/ casino. If the two businesses were forced to shut down due to no water, this would lead to many stakeholders being at risk. The second risk was when the catering company continued to get a fork lift loaded with banquet tables stuck in the mud that was produced from damaging the water line. If the catering company was unable to get to the event because of mud, it is likely that other companies would have the same issue. In order to minimize theses risks, it takes someone who can work well under pressure and is able to utilize necessary human resource skills to get the job done. An event manager needs to be prepared for a crisis to happen and have a different plan in force to help minimize risk even if the crisis does not happen. Being prepared is the first step in minimizing any risk associated with certain types of events. It is important to be prepared to make sure all vendors and stakeholders suffer the least amount of damage in a crisis that cannot be minimized. To make sure that the stakeholders suffer the least amount of risk, the problem with the damaged water line needs to be properly addressed. With only a few hours remaining until the start of the event, the damage has to be assessed and it needs to be determined whether or not the water line can be replaced, how long it will take, and what needs to change if it cannot be replaced in time. The catering company is going to have to wait for the ground to dry up, or get a bigger machine in there that can quickly get the fork lift out of the mud. If the fork lift is unable to be removed, the tables are going to have to be moved by hand along with the rest of any items. Human Resource Management/ Traditional? Human resource management can be defined as the management of employees . Since events consist of many vendors to make sure the event is successful, human resource management for events is similar for any traditional business environment. It is similar in the role of the management professional but, actually more complex than a traditional business setting. Human resource management for events is highly more complex as it does not deal with normal day to day operations. Different types of crisis’ can occur that makes the work of the one involved in human resources much more complex. The complexity is subject to fast problem solving, intervention, dealing with different types of vendors, and making changes where necessary. Every aspect is important when managing an event to make sure the event goes according to plan. Venue Investigation When planning an event it is important that the event is properly investigated to make sure it will fit everyone’s needs, involve the least chance of crisis, leave enough time for planning and an adequate am ount of attendees. Choosing a venue such as a golf course located within a casino/ hotel, it was important to check the facility to make sure it was capable of meeting the events needs. This is so in order to make sure there is enough room for guests, parking, overnight stay and easy access to places such as airports/ freeways. Once the event site was chosen, the venue had to meet the attendee’s expectations. Meeting everyone’s expectations is a hard task to accomplish but can be